The U.S. doesn’t refine cobalt. This startup wants to change that.

Tech Crunch - Apr 23rd, 2025
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Xerion Advanced Battery Corp. has developed a groundbreaking technique to produce highly refined cobalt using electricity and heat, offering a potential solution to the geopolitical challenges surrounding the metal. With the largest cobalt reserves located in the Democratic Republic of Congo and 72% of the metal refined in China, the U.S. faces significant dependency issues for cobalt, which is crucial for both electric vehicles and military applications. Xerion's new process, which involves plating metals onto electrodes from a bath of molten salt, has led to the production of incredibly pure cobalt metal. The company is opening a pilot-scale production facility in Dayton, Ohio, capable of producing five metric tons of cobalt, aligning with smaller U.S. military needs, such as aerospace alloys.

The significance of Xerion's development lies in its timing amid ongoing global trade tensions, particularly concerning critical minerals. As the U.S. lacks domestic cobalt refineries, Xerion's innovation could reduce reliance on Chinese refining, potentially altering the strategic landscape of cobalt supply. Although current production levels are a fraction of global demand, the company's cost-competitive approach at pilot scale highlights its potential to expand. By focusing on cobalt, Xerion aims to address U.S. military and industrial needs, providing a domestic alternative that can lessen geopolitical vulnerabilities and bolster national security interests.

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RATING

6.4
Moderately Fair
Read with skepticism

The article provides an informative overview of cobalt's strategic importance, focusing on its geopolitical implications and potential technological innovations in refining. It accurately highlights the critical role of cobalt in various industries and the challenges posed by current supply chain dependencies. However, the story could benefit from a broader range of perspectives, particularly regarding environmental and ethical considerations. The reliance on a single source raises questions about impartiality, and additional context on technical processes would enhance transparency. Despite these limitations, the article remains timely and relevant, addressing a topic of significant public interest with potential implications for national security and economic policy.

RATING DETAILS

7
Accuracy

The article is generally accurate in its depiction of cobalt's geopolitical significance and its usage in both civilian and military applications. It correctly identifies the Democratic Republic of Congo as the primary source of cobalt and notes the significant role China plays in refining the metal. These assertions are well-documented in external sources. However, the claim regarding the absence of any cobalt refineries in the U.S. is slightly outdated, as there are initiatives underway to establish such facilities. The article's mention of Xerion Advanced Battery Corp.'s new technique is based on the company's statements without independent verification, which introduces some uncertainty. Overall, while the article aligns with known facts about cobalt's strategic importance, some claims about emerging technologies and domestic production capacities need further verification.

6
Balance

The story primarily focuses on the technical and geopolitical aspects of cobalt, with a particular emphasis on the U.S. dependency on foreign sources. It presents the perspective of a U.S.-based startup, Xerion, suggesting a potential solution to this dependency. However, the article lacks a broader range of viewpoints, such as insights from environmental or human rights organizations that could provide context on the ethical implications of cobalt mining. Additionally, there is little discussion of the economic or policy perspectives that might affect the adoption of new technologies. This narrow focus limits the story's balance, as it predominantly highlights the technological and strategic dimensions without addressing other significant viewpoints.

8
Clarity

The article is generally clear and well-structured, effectively communicating the key points about cobalt's role in the global supply chain and the potential impact of Xerion's technology. It uses straightforward language and logical flow to guide readers through the narrative. The tone is neutral, and the information is presented in a manner that is easy to understand. However, the article could improve by providing more background on technical terms and processes, such as the specifics of electrochemical refining, to ensure all readers fully grasp the content.

5
Source quality

The article cites John Busbee, the co-founder and CEO of Xerion Advanced Battery Corp., as a primary source. While his insights are valuable, relying heavily on a single source from the company being discussed raises questions about impartiality and potential conflicts of interest. There is a lack of diverse sources, such as independent experts or analysts, that could provide a more rounded view of the situation. The absence of corroborating voices diminishes the overall reliability of the information presented, as it appears to be largely driven by the company's narrative.

6
Transparency

The article provides some transparency by clearly stating the source of its information, namely John Busbee of Xerion. However, it does not delve into the methodology behind Xerion's technology or the specifics of the geopolitical challenges it aims to address. There is a lack of detailed context or disclosure regarding potential conflicts of interest, such as the company's financial motivations or the broader market dynamics influencing the industry's direction. The article could benefit from a more thorough exploration of these factors to enhance its transparency.

Sources

  1. https://www.kosu.org/energy-environment/2023-08-28/the-first-cobalt-nickel-refinery-in-u-s-planned-for-oklahoma
  2. https://jervoisidahocobalt.com
  3. https://www.metaltechnews.com/story/2024/02/28/mining-tech/jervois-narrows-us-cobalt-refinery-locale/1648.html
  4. https://afry.com/en/project/empowering-energy-transition-jervois-cobalt-refinery-in-united-states
  5. https://www.mining.com/web/first-us-cobalt-mining-operation-to-begin-after-more-than-30-year-hiatus/