A young man’s brain turned to glass during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. Scientists say they have figured out how | CNN

CNN - Feb 27th, 2025

In a groundbreaking study, scientists have uncovered the sequence of events that led to the transformation of a victim's brain tissue into a glass-like substance during the catastrophic eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79. The remains, found in Herculaneum, belonged to a young man whose brain vitrified due to extreme heat of over 510 degrees Celsius from an ash cloud, a process distinct from the slower cooling of pyroclastic flows. This discovery was detailed in a study published in Scientific Reports and led by volcanologist Guido Giordano from Roma Tre University.

The study's findings have sparked debate within the scientific community, with some experts skeptical about the vitrification claims due to the unique circumstances required. Alexandra Morton-Hayward, a forensic anthropologist, expressed doubts about the glassy substance being brain tissue, citing the typical cryopreservation process requiring extremely low temperatures. Despite skepticism, previous research indicating preserved neurons and proteins supports the study's assertion of the glass's organic origin, highlighting a rare scientific phenomenon linked to Vesuvius's deadly eruption.

Mount Vesuvius Herculaneum Vitrification Guido Giordano Scientific Reports Volcanology Organic Glass Alexandra Morton Hayward Forensic Anthropology

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RATING

7.6

Fair Story

Consider it well-founded

The article provides a well-rounded and engaging account of a unique scientific discovery, balancing historical intrigue with scientific analysis. It effectively communicates the findings of a recent study on the vitrification of brain tissue during the Mount Vesuvius eruption, supported by expert opinions and peer-reviewed research. While the story is accurate and timely, it could benefit from additional context and transparency regarding the scientific debate and potential conflicts of interest. The inclusion of differing perspectives enhances its balance, though further exploration of the skepticism surrounding the findings would provide a more comprehensive view. Overall, the article succeeds in capturing public interest and stimulating engagement through its clear and accessible presentation of a fascinating topic.

Accuracy

The story presents a generally accurate account of the discovery of a glassy substance inside a skull from the Mount Vesuvius eruption. It accurately reports the claim that this substance is believed to be fossilized brain tissue, supported by researchers' findings. The temperature and cooling conditions necessary for vitrification are also accurately described, with references to the specific temperatures involved (above 510°C or 950°F). However, the story could benefit from additional verification regarding the exact conditions under which the glass formed, as some skepticism exists within the scientific community. The mention of Alexandra Morton-Hayward's skepticism adds a layer of accuracy by acknowledging differing opinions within the field.

Balance

The article provides a balanced overview by including perspectives from both the researchers involved in the study and a skeptical forensic anthropologist. This inclusion of differing scientific opinions helps mitigate potential bias and presents a more comprehensive view of the topic. However, the story could improve balance by further exploring the reasons behind the skepticism and providing more context on the broader scientific debate. The focus is primarily on the findings of the researchers, which may give the impression of favoring their perspective over others.

Clarity

The article is well-structured and uses clear language to explain complex scientific concepts, such as vitrification and pyroclastic flows. It logically presents the sequence of events leading to the discovery and the subsequent analysis. The inclusion of expert quotes helps clarify technical details. However, the story could benefit from a clearer distinction between established facts and hypotheses, particularly regarding the formation of the glassy substance and the conditions required for vitrification.

Source quality

The primary source of information in the article appears to be the study published in the journal Scientific Reports, which lends credibility due to its peer-reviewed nature. The article also quotes Guido Giordano, a volcanologist and lead author of the study, providing authoritative insights. The inclusion of Alexandra Morton-Hayward, a forensic anthropologist, adds another layer of expertise. However, the story could enhance source quality by citing additional experts or studies to provide a broader context and corroborate the claims made.

Transparency

The article is transparent in its explanation of the scientific process behind the findings, detailing the methodology used to determine the conditions for vitrification. It clearly attributes statements to specific experts, such as Giordano and Morton-Hayward. However, the article could improve transparency by providing more information on the study's funding sources or potential conflicts of interest that could impact the findings. Additionally, a more detailed explanation of the scientific debate surrounding the claims would enhance transparency.